英語學習:家長面對的screen time矛盾

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文︰子慧

這一代家長最頭痛的問題,是孩子的screen time。 Screen是熒光幕,screen time泛指使用電腦、手機和平板電腦有熒幕產品的時間。很多家長之前希望盡量延遲和減低孩子使用這些產品的時間,但現在很多校內的學習活動,做功課,以至同學、師生間的聯繫,都是靠電腦和手機,沒可能不讓孩子接觸screen devices 。

電腦時間愈少愈快樂

但這不等於問題已經解決。在IT世代出生的孩子漸漸長大,IT對他們的影響就愈來愈明顯。最近就有研究探討用電腦時間如何影響青少年的心情。結果發現:”Teens who spend less time in front of the screen are happier – up to a point.”用電腦的時間愈少,快樂程度就愈高。但up to a point。

Up to a point解to some extent, but not completely,在某程度上。例如︰I agree with this argument, up to a certain point.(我在某種程度上同意這論調。)There is some truth in what you say, but only up to a point.(你的說法只在某程度上是對的。)This method works up to a point, but it has its flaws.(這方法某程度上行得通,但亦有它的問題。)

研究報告名為”Decreases in Psychological Well-Being Among American Adolescents After 2012 and Links to Screen Time During the Rise of Smartphone Technology”,早前在Emotion(《情緒》)期刊中發表。

研究的數據來自University of Michigan每年對第8、9和12年級青少年進行的調查。研究發現:
After rising since the early 1990s, adolescent self-esteem(自尊), life satisfaction and happiness plunged after 2012, the year smartphone ownership reached the 50 per cent mark in the U.S.

It also found that adolescents’ psychological(心理的)well-being decreased the more hours a week they spent on screens, including the internet, social media, texting, gaming and video chats. The findings jibe with(符合、脗合)earlier studies linking frequent screen use and teenage depression(情緒低落)and anxiety(焦慮).

在上世紀九十年代,美國青少年的自尊和對生活滿意的水平曾經一度上升,但自2012年以來就開始下降,與此同時,智能手機的擁有率就一直上升。研究亦發現,青少年的screen time愈長,不論是上網、用社交網站,互傳短訊,打機或視像交談,就愈不開心。

每周一至五小時最開心

但screen time多導致心情差的情況只是up to a point,原因是孩子完全沒有screen time今時今日很難維持朋友圈子。那最開心的是哪組孩子?

Teenagers who get a small amount of exposure to screen time, between one and five hours a week, are happier than those who get none at all. The least happy ones were those who used screens for 20 or more hours a week.
每星期screen time1至5小時的孩子最開心,使用20小時以上的最不開心。

San Diego State University心理學教授Jean Twenge在著作iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy – and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood中,剖析資訊科技年代出生成長的孩子的特質。