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【星岛都市网】冬天养生水果|中医常嘱咐患者要“忌生冷”,不少人就有疑问:是否凡是水果都不能吃?近日流感肆虐,再加上新冠变种病毒威胁,平日需吃水果摄取维他命C,加强免疫力。注册中医师张勇从中医学角度,阐释正确食用水果的准则,并教如何按自身体质,选吃合适水果,并推荐冬天宜吃的14种水果、食疗养生抗病。
如何分辨寒底/热底/敏感体质特征?
基本上,大家可按不同的身体征状,大致厘定所属的体质,包括:寒性体质、热性体质及敏感体质3大类。
不同体质有各自的特征,例如,寒底人士面色较黄、偏白,也较易有肚泻等胃肠问题。热底人士的口气较重,或容易大便干结等。敏感体质,顾名思义是一般患过敏性疾病,例如鼻敏感、皮肤敏感的人士。
3类体质详细特征如下:
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/8e1cddda07526aa645d8b04a04f703f0/2024-01/1_5_13.png)
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冬天宜吃10种水果 热底寒底宜吃甚么?
张勇医师指,大部分人也认为水果是寒凉之品,但在中医角度,每种食物均有性味的区别。“四性”可分为寒、热、温、凉;“五味”即是辛、苦、酸、甘、咸。故此,水果也有性味的区别,性质偏凉、性质偏温及性平等3种属性。
他表示,一般建议因应个人体质选择合适的水果,例如体质偏寒凉、久病体虚、脾胃虚弱的人士,宜多进食性质偏温的水果,少吃性寒凉的水果,尤其要避免水果冷藏后食用,否则易损伤脾胃阳气。
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/d04eddcc199cd5d2f6e21a61abcbd53c/2024-01/23_19.png)
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性质偏凉的水果
- 例如:西瓜、柿、杨桃、山竹、梨、奇异果、香蕉、罗汉果
性质偏温的水果
- 例如:桃、龙眼、芒果、荔枝、榴莲
寒、热性均不明显,即性平的水果
- 例如:苹果、提子、无花果、百香果
寒底宜吃车厘子 热底便秘可吃香蕉
张勇医师指,热性体质的人士宜多进食性质偏凉的水果。例如,香蕉味甘性寒,有清热、润肠的作用,燥热便秘者,多吃可助清热通便。雪梨性凉,有生津、润燥、清热的作用,咽痛口干时食用有助清热润燥。但要注意,寒证咳嗽、敏感咳皆不宜食用雪梨,即使煮熟后食用其性仍凉,反而会加重咳嗽症状,故要注意辨证准确。
不过,某些情况下,体质虚寒的人士也非绝对不能进食寒凉的水果。例如,在炎夏暑气当令时,也可适当进食一些西瓜或瓜果类,用以解暑,但必须进食有度、稍解暑热即可。
冬天忌吃5种水果 避免削弱免疫力
张勇医师续指,一些水果特别不适宜在冬季食用,除了因为“不时不食”的大原则外,还因为这类水果属性偏寒或寒凉,食用不当,可致脾胃受损,容易出现泄泻等不适。这5种冬天忌吃的水果,以及其忌用指引,详述如下:
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/ac6d1e2effa248edaf66a92252cd2a8e/2024-01/54_17.png)
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张医师指,例如,即使是有润燥、补脾、止渴除烦、养胃生津功效的甘蔗,也不建议于冬天食用,以防其甘寒之属性。在不利冬季气候的情况下,人体肠胃一般忌寒凉的特性,尤其是体质虚寒者须忌食,否则反易有损正气,削弱抗病能力。
过敏体质忌吃5种水果 湿疹者勿吃芒果
此外,敏感体质的人士,例如皮肤疾病患者(湿疹、荨麻疹等),应少吃容易致敏的食物及水果,并少吃易加重“湿热”的水果,例如芒果、榴莲等。
张勇医师表示,部分水果容易令人食用后出现过敏征状,当中包括以下5种水果:
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/1cd5d884fc130386bdd314f52f47cdfb/2024-01/70_10.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/4fe0ef41127ff22feac5bea41cf71245/2024-01/71_9.png)
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![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/13fa9027a102da4a922612abb6cc1292/2024-01/82_3.png)
他解释,在中医的角度,敏感体质大部分都与“脾虚”有关,不少人除了受皮肤疾病困扰外,也同时有鼻敏感、肠胃敏感的问题。中医在治疗上也以健脾益气为主,强健脾胃以“治本”,故一般都建议敏感体质的人士,少食性质寒凉的水果,多选择温性水果,以加护脾胃健康。
冬天推荐4款养生水果食疗
在中医学上,常建议可利用水果入药,成为药膳食疗,当中以水果茶疗及糖水居多。张勇医师为大家挑选数种适合于冬天食用的水果,配搭其他食物及药材,制作4款有助养生的食疗,包括蜂蜜山楂茶、枸杞子龙眼肉茶、苹果无花果茶、木瓜莲子百合糖水:
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/4ea962124edb5258c0612737295dba7e/2024-01/83_4.png)
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张医师指,上述4款食疗分别有养胃、补肝、护肾、养血安神、健脾滋润、生津润肺、舒筋活络等多种功效,而且制法十分简易,特别适合于冬季食用,有助增强人体抵抗力。
T03