![](https://media-proc.singtao.ca/photo.php?s=https://media.singtao.ca/wp-content/uploads/dushi_toronto/../rtnews/2024/01/istockphoto-1494763483-612x612.jpg&f=jpeg&w=696&q=75&v=1)
【星島都市網】冬天養生水果|中醫常囑咐患者要「忌生冷」,不少人就有疑問:是否凡是水果都不能吃?近日流感肆虐,再加上新冠變種病毒威脅,平日需吃水果攝取維他命C,加強免疫力。註冊中醫師張勇從中醫學角度,闡釋正確食用水果的準則,並教如何按自身體質,選吃合適水果,並推薦冬天宜吃的14種水果、食療養生抗病。
如何分辨寒底/熱底/敏感體質特徵?
基本上,大家可按不同的身體徵狀,大致釐定所屬的體質,包括:寒性體質、熱性體質及敏感體質3大類。
不同體質有各自的特徵,例如,寒底人士面色較黃、偏白,也較易有肚瀉等胃腸問題。熱底人士的口氣較重,或容易大便乾結等。敏感體質,顧名思義是一般患過敏性疾病,例如鼻敏感、皮膚敏感的人士。
3類體質詳細特徵如下:
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冬天宜吃10種水果 熱底寒底宜吃甚麼?
張勇醫師指,大部分人也認為水果是寒涼之品,但在中醫角度,每種食物均有性味的區別。「四性」可分為寒、熱、溫、涼;「五味」即是辛、苦、酸、甘、咸。故此,水果也有性味的區別,性質偏涼、性質偏溫及性平等3種屬性。
他表示,一般建議因應個人體質選擇合適的水果,例如體質偏寒涼、久病體虛、脾胃虛弱的人士,宜多進食性質偏溫的水果,少吃性寒涼的水果,尤其要避免水果冷藏後食用,否則易損傷脾胃陽氣。
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/d04eddcc199cd5d2f6e21a61abcbd53c/2024-01/23_19.png)
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性質偏涼的水果
- 例如:西瓜、柿、楊桃、山竹、梨、奇異果、香蕉、羅漢果
性質偏溫的水果
- 例如:桃、龍眼、芒果、荔枝、榴槤
寒、熱性均不明顯,即性平的水果
- 例如:蘋果、提子、無花果、百香果
寒底宜吃車厘子 熱底便秘可吃香蕉
張勇醫師指,熱性體質的人士宜多進食性質偏涼的水果。例如,香蕉味甘性寒,有清熱、潤腸的作用,燥熱便秘者,多吃可助清熱通便。雪梨性涼,有生津、潤燥、清熱的作用,咽痛口乾時食用有助清熱潤燥。但要注意,寒證咳嗽、敏感咳皆不宜食用雪梨,即使煮熟後食用其性仍涼,反而會加重咳嗽癥狀,故要注意辨證準確。
不過,某些情況下,體質虛寒的人士也非絕對不能進食寒涼的水果。例如,在炎夏暑氣當令時,也可適當進食一些西瓜或瓜果類,用以解暑,但必須進食有度、稍解暑熱即可。
冬天忌吃5種水果 避免削弱免疫力
張勇醫師續指,一些水果特別不適宜在冬季食用,除了因為「不時不食」的大原則外,還因為這類水果屬性偏寒或寒涼,食用不當,可致脾胃受損,容易出現泄瀉等不適。這5種冬天忌吃的水果,以及其忌用指引,詳述如下:
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/ac6d1e2effa248edaf66a92252cd2a8e/2024-01/54_17.png)
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張醫師指,例如,即使是有潤燥、補脾、止渴除煩、養胃生津功效的甘蔗,也不建議於冬天食用,以防其甘寒之屬性。在不利冬季氣候的情況下,人體腸胃一般忌寒涼的特性,尤其是體質虛寒者須忌食,否則反易有損正氣,削弱抗病能力。
過敏體質忌吃5種水果 濕疹者勿吃芒果
此外,敏感體質的人士,例如皮膚疾病患者(濕疹、蕁麻疹等),應少吃容易致敏的食物及水果,並少吃易加重「濕熱」的水果,例如芒果、榴槤等。
張勇醫師表示,部分水果容易令人食用後出現過敏徵狀,當中包括以下5種水果:
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/1cd5d884fc130386bdd314f52f47cdfb/2024-01/70_10.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/4fe0ef41127ff22feac5bea41cf71245/2024-01/71_9.png)
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![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/19972a48793b9ea3af648e13931ccbde/2024-01/74_7.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/e9689f508d7eec35d363e033624d54cd/2024-01/75_7.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/9f26355c8bbe1091f75aef5dc3e7f621/2024-01/76_8.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/4ca7ed5350fdd614cd33d8d6e80d5131/2024-01/77_7.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/ae5ca4b2f64219e13bd564219a4bfee3/2024-01/78_7.png)
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![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/2a8665863f15cc7714f391b7d12a7f9f/2024-01/80_5.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/1616fa8f054b74ebada253fd919455df/2024-01/81_4.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/13fa9027a102da4a922612abb6cc1292/2024-01/82_3.png)
他解釋,在中醫的角度,敏感體質大部分都與「脾虛」有關,不少人除了受皮膚疾病困擾外,也同時有鼻敏感、腸胃敏感的問題。中醫在治療上也以健脾益氣為主,強健脾胃以「治本」,故一般都建議敏感體質的人士,少食性質寒涼的水果,多選擇溫性水果,以加護脾胃健康。
冬天推薦4款養生水果食療
在中醫學上,常建議可利用水果入葯,成為葯膳食療,當中以水果茶療及糖水居多。張勇醫師為大家挑選數種適合於冬天食用的水果,配搭其他食物及藥材,製作4款有助養生的食療,包括蜂蜜山楂茶、枸杞子龍眼肉茶、蘋果無花果茶、木瓜蓮子百合糖水:
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/4ea962124edb5258c0612737295dba7e/2024-01/83_4.png)
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![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/91d8ad1a59001660041256a6de09b499/2024-01/101_2.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/455f94f031ec4b8b3c868b61002fa575/2024-01/102_1.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/1b8959e910a017d881981c6ce83f0dad/2024-01/103_1.png)
![](https://image.hkhl.hk/f/1024p0/0x0/100/none/3925cdb9e909acf6a9387a180263a37b/2024-01/104_2.png)
張醫師指,上述4款食療分別有養胃、補肝、護腎、養血安神、健脾滋潤、生津潤肺、舒筋活絡等多種功效,而且製法十分簡易,特別適合於冬季食用,有助增強人體抵抗力。
T03