英語學習:Gut feeling信得過嗎?

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在立法會上,政府官員提出新政策,議員質詢政策背後的理念、財務的計算等等,若官員不提供理據,只是說:「我這建議全憑直覺。」大家覺得可以接受嗎?

有幾個英文字都解直覺。通俗一點的有gut feeling。 Gut是名詞,解內臟;例如︰The patient has a pain in her guts.(病人肚痛。)Guts解personal courage and determination或toughness of character,勇氣;例如︰Do you have the guts to challenge the boss?(你夠膽駁斥老闆嗎?)

理性分析不能接受

Gut feeling是指a feeling or reaction based on an instinctive emotional response rather than considered thought,基於本能情緒反應,而非深思熟慮的感覺或反應,即直覺;例如︰I had a gut feeling that something was wrong.(我直覺事情不對勁。)Hunch和intuition也解直覺。

現代社會,gut feeling、hunch或intuition都不是被接受或尊崇的做事方式。 Valerie van Mulukom在Conversation的文章”Should you trust your gut feeling?”(你應否信直覺?)中寫道:

Indeed, relying on your intuition generally has a bad reputation(壞聲譽), especially in the Western part of the world where analytic thinking(分析思維) has been steadily promoted over the past decades.

Gradually, many have come to think that humans have progressed from relying on primitive(原始的), magical(用魔法的) and religious(宗教的)thinking to analytic and scientific thinking. As a result, they view emotions and intuition as fallible (會出錯的), even whimsical(心血來潮的、古怪的), tools.

現代人,特別是西方社會崇尚科學,凡事講求科學根據,亦講求理性分析、數據。這種純理性的思維不能容納解釋不到的事物。 Intuition講的不是理據而是沒有明顯解釋的感覺,所以不被接受。

腦部預測處理運作

不過接受與否,我們天天做的決定,不少都有intuition的成分,而這些gut feeling,其實可以很準確,引領我們做正確的決定,甚至可以救命。 Intuition其實是一種稱為”predictive processing framework”(預測性處理架構)的腦部運作。 “This ensures that the brain is always as prepared to deal with the current situation as optimally(最佳)as possible.”

腦袋會不斷把從目前環境收到的訊息與過去的經驗比較,去推測將會發生的事。而這種運作是自動下意識進行,所以自己不會察覺,察覺到有分歧,就會糾正。文中引了個例子:晚上在一段不熟悉的公路上駕車,忽然覺得應把車子偏向一面,跟着你察覺原來避開了路上一個大洞。令你避開危險的是intuition,a hunch,但實際上發生的是:

In reality, the car in the far distance in front of you made a similar small swerve(突然轉向) (since they are locals and know the road), and you picked up on this without consciously registering(被意識到)it.

問題是,哪種是可信賴的直覺,哪些只是空想或衝動的反應,不是那麼容易分辨。心理學學者Gary Klein認為︰”90 percent of the critical decisions(關鍵的決定)we make is based on our intuition”,在The Power of Intuition: How to Use Your Gut Feelings to Make Better Decisions at Work中,他教大家識別有用的gut feelings。

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